Variables and Data Types

Variables and Data Types in C++

C++ is a strongly typed language, which means that every variable must be declared with a specific data type before it can be used. In this document, we will discuss the different data types and how to declare variables in C++.

Data Types

Basic Data Types

C++ has several basic data types:

int: used to store whole numbers (positive or negative) without decimals.
double: used to store floating-point numbers with decimals.
char: used to store single characters (letters, numbers, symbols).
bool: used to store true or false values.

Derived Data Types

C++ also has several derived data types:

arrays: used to store multiple values of the same data type in a single variable.
pointers: used to store memory addresses.
references: used to refer to a variable by another name.
functions: used to group a set of statements together to perform a specific task.

Declaring Variables

To declare a variable in C++, you need to specify the data type and give it a name. Here are some examples:

int age;
double price;
char grade;
bool is_valid;

You can also initialize a variable when you declare it:

int age = 30;
double price = 19.99;
char grade = 'A';
bool is_valid = true;

Code Snippets

Example 1: Adding Two Numbers

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    int num1, num2, sum;

    cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
    cin >> num1 >> num2;

    sum = num1 + num2;

    cout << "Sum = " << sum;

    return 0;
}

Example 2: Finding the Maximum of Two Numbers

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    int num1, num2, max_num;

    cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
    cin >> num1 >> num2;

    max_num = (num1 > num2) ? num1 : num2;

    cout << "Maximum number = " << max_num;

    return 0;
}

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